Imagine that your child has been kidnapped and taken far away. That child is scared, and you can offer no comfort. You don’t know if your child is being tortured, abused or militarized, but you know that someone is trying to turn your child into someone else entirely. It’s a parent’s worst nightmare.

Imagine that trauma and then scale it up thousands of times, and you have the reality that Ukraine is living with today.

Since the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, tens of thousands of Ukrainian children have been kidnapped from their families and communities, taken to Russia and Russian-held territories and forced into indoctrination camps, military training camps, the Russian adoption system and who knows where else.

Some have been tortured and sexually abused, while some have been forced to fight against Ukraine as child soldiers. At least two of these children, a 12-year-old girl named Misha and 16-year-old named Liza, ended up in a camp in North Korea.

These children are fed pro-Russian propaganda and forced to speak in Russian in a deliberate effort to deny their national identity. Their documents, histories and citizenship are being erased to wholly sever their ties to their families and nation. They are told lies about who they are and where they come from.

The facts are well documented, thanks to the Yale School of Public Health’s Humanitarian Research Lab (HRL), which uses satellite imagery and open-source intelligence methods to track these crimes.

Some children were taken after their parents were killed in Russian strikes or by Russian troops or were separated from families in occupied areas. Others were taken from Ukrainian orphanages and foster care and put up for adoption in Russia after their identities were falsified. Children who resist this Russification are labeled extremists or terrorists.

Russia has, in fact, been stealing Ukrainian children since it invaded Crimea in 2014. This is a war crime that is on the rise across the globe. If Russian leader Vladimir Putin can continue to do so with impunity, we can only expect more children and families will face this terrible fate.

Russia has committed many gross human rights violations against the Ukrainian people in this war and continues to ruthlessly assault civilians and critical infrastructure. But its attack on Ukraine’s children is particularly grotesque, as they are put through hell to stoke fear in Ukrainian society and used as tools in Russia’s attempt to extinguish the Ukrainian nation.

Ukrainian authorities have officially confirmed 9,221 cases of abduction and are actively reviewing thousands more, but experts investigating these crimes believe at least 35,000 children have been stolen so far. This doesn’t account for the 1.6 million Ukrainian children subjected to Russian “reprogramming” within Russian schools, camps and social institutions in occupied Ukraine, where children are taught to be ashamed of their Ukrainian roots.

HRL has so far identified at least 210 “reeducation” facilities, most managed by the Russian government and many that include military-style training. As HRL Executive Director Nathaniel Raymond testified, “Kids as young as 8 years old were dressed in gas masks and military uniforms, taught to assemble machine guns, and — in at least one instance — were taken to a camp where children assembled drones, rapid loaders for assault rifles and other devices for Russia’s military use.”

A Senate hearing on Dec. 3 detailed this large-scale and systemic abduction program, with powerful testimony from Ukraine’s ambassador to the United States and experts from organizations working to bring these children home.

Just one day after the hearing, the Trump administration released its new national security strategy, which presented Putin’s Russia in a very different light. Instead of calling out the threat Russia poses to stability and peace in Europe and beyond, this administration chastised Europe for viewing Russia as a threat.

President Donald Trump continues to blame Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy for the lack of progress toward peace, while holding Russia, the only aggressor, wholly blameless. Trump has now formalized his warming relations with Russia and, in doing so, normalized Putin’s crimes.

In an interview with Politico, Trump shared his expectation that Russia would inevitably prevail, saying that “at some point, size will win, generally.” Just consider what it would mean for weaker countries, vulnerable populations, and, of course, children if we accept that premise.

The United States could play a positive role here instead, as Congress seems inclined to do. A bill introduced in December would designate Russia as a state sponsor of terror if it fails to return these kidnapped children, and another, the Abducted Ukrainian Children Recovery and Accountability Act, would provide ongoing support for investigation and accountability to address these crimes. Passing and implementing these laws could provide the information and pressure needed to end the nightmare these children are enduring.

Any agreement to end this war should require the unconditional return of all the children. If we pressure Ukraine to cede more territory, thousands will be trapped behind new borders with no hope of being returned.

If we do nothing but help rehabilitate Putin on the world stage, we are legitimizing Russia’s mass child kidnapping and abuse. Is that really the role we want our country to play in the world?

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Elizabeth Shackelford is a senior adviser with the Institute for Global Affairs at Eurasia Group and a foreign affairs columnist for the Chicago Tribune. She is also a distinguished lecturer with the Dickey Center at Dartmouth College. She was previously a U.S. diplomat and is the author of “The Dissent Channel: American Diplomacy in a Dishonest Age.”

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