Chinese leader Xi Jinping told U.S. President Joe Biden that he’s ready to work with Donald Trump to improve the relationship between the world’s biggest economies.

Speaking at the start of what’s expected to be their final meeting before Trump takes office, Xi told Biden that the U.S. and China should strive for peaceful coexistence over the long term. He said “solidarity and cooperation” are needed to help humanity overcome difficulties, adding that “neither decoupling nor supply chain disruption is a solution.”

“China is ready to work with the new U.S. administration to maintain communication, expand cooperation and manage differences, so as to strive for a steady transition of the China-U.S. relationship for the benefit of the two peoples,” Xi said at the meeting in Lima, Peru.

Biden, speaking in response, said he was “very proud” of the progress between the two sides.

“These conversations prevent miscalculations and they ensure the competition between our two countries will not veer into conflict,” Biden said, adding that cooperation has improved on military communication, AI risks and counter-narcotics.

Xi called the meeting “candid, profound and constructive, adding that common interests between the U.S. and China are expanding rather than shrinking. He told Biden a “new Cold War” shouldn’t be fought and called on the U.S. to refrain from any moves that have a “chilling effect.”

Biden has just about two months before he hands power to Trump, who has threatened 60% tariffs on China — a level that risks decimating trade between the world’s biggest economies. Early appointments by the president-elect — including China hawks Marco Rubio as secretary of state and Mike Waltz as national security adviser — suggest he is readying an adversarial stance toward Beijing.

Biden and Xi have sought to stabilize relations and build on a summit a year ago in San Francisco, which reset ties after his administration shot down a Chinese spy balloon drifting over the continental U.S. and former House Speaker Nancy Pelosi visited Taiwan, prompting Beijing to hold military exercises surrounding the island. Taiwan remains the biggest military flash point between the U.S. and China, and the most sensitive issue for Xi.

Even so, tensions remain following a tumultuous four years that saw both nations take steps to become more self-reliant in preparation for a potential conflict, even if one isn’t inevitable or planned. The Biden administration has moved to deny Beijing advanced AI chips and other technology, pressuring U.S. allies to comply with export controls designed to ensure the U.S. maintains its military superiority over China.

At the start of the meeting, Xi told Biden that major countries shouldn’t pursue a policy of “small yard high fences,” using a term coined by U.S. national security adviser Jake Sullivan to describe the U.S. efforts to ensure China can’t access cutting-edge technology.

Afterward, Sullivan announced that the two sides agreed to avoid giving AI control of nuclear weapons. He added that Biden expressed concern over China’s support for Russia’s industrial base and warned that North Korea’s move to send troops to help Vladimir Putin’s war in Ukraine had consequences for peace and security in Asia as well Europe.

The alliance between Putin and Kim Jong Un is becoming a headache for Xi. Although he’s supported both leaders, Xi has sought to portray Beijing as neutral regarding the war in Ukraine and pushed to improve ties with the U.S. and its allies. The Kim-Putin partnership risks adding economic pressure on China, and it undermines Xi’s argument that the US shouldn’t have military alliances in the Indo-Pacific region.

Biden also raised China’s hack of U.S. telecom providers with Xi, Sullivan said, without elaborating. China’s state-sponsored hack of U.S. telecommunications systems — an effort to steal call records and communications from U.S. political candidates and aides, including those from Trump and Vice President Kamala Harris’ campaigns — extended to T-Mobile, the Wall Street Journal reported Saturday. China has denied any effort to interfere in U.S. politics.

For his part, Xi urged the U.S. to avoid interfering in the South China Sea and said the it should “recognize the separatist nature” of Taiwan President Lai Ching-te. China claims Taiwan as its territory and his threatened to take it by force if necessary.

Overall, the meeting was an opportunity for Xi to take stock of the relationship as he considers how to brace his country for a possible tariff shock when Trump returns to the White House. China’s manufacturing push has helped drive export growth to the fastest in two years, buoying an economy struggling with a prolonged real estate slump and deflation.

‘Obvious fact’

Sullivan said Biden noted the “obvious fact” that a new administration would take over on Jan. 20, but didn’t project ahead to what might be coming.

“The incoming administration not the business of providing us assurances about anything, and they’ll make their own decisions as they go forward,” Sullivan said.

With the threat of Trump’s tariffs looming, Xi has spent much of the APEC summit positioning China as a more reliable free trade partner. He held meetings with a range of U.S. allies and partners and inaugurated a new $1.3 billion deep-water port in Peru, while calling on APEC leaders to “tear down the walls” impeding trade, investment, technology and services.

Xi also announced that he would host the APEC summit in 2026, which would be an opportunity for Trump to potentially visit China.

On Saturday, Xi told Biden that his nation would continue to carry forward the “traditional friendship” between the nations even as China continues to safeguard its sovereignty, security and development interests.

“China’s goal of a stable, healthy and sustainable China-U.S. relationship remains unchanged,” Xi said.

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(With assistance from Rebecca Choong Wilkins, Jing Li and Lauren Dezenski.)

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